The text states it was a "chance discovery" (accidental), which directly contradicts the idea that he "intentionally engineered" it.
" discusses how bacterial evolution, spurred by the overuse and misuse of medicine, has led to a rise in "superbacteria" that are increasingly difficult to treat. Reading Passage Summary
For more in-depth preparation on similar IELTS topics, consider reviewing materials from reliable sources like the WHO and CDC. Pro Tip for IELTS Reading When answering questions on this topic, watch out for:
Paragraph B defines horizontal gene transfer as a process "whereby one bacterium passes on the resistance gene from another without even needing to be its parent".
While specific question numbers vary by test version, the following are common answers derived from this text: The Main Idea : The passage's primary focus is the growing global threat of antibiotic resistance Referencing : In many versions, the word in the first paragraph refers to antibiotics Vocabulary Synonyms "Cyclical" : Often used to describe processes that are or repeat in cycles. : Closely means to Correct Prescribing : Experts like (or initials The text states it was a "chance discovery"
Paragraph E states that without prophylactic protection, "minor surgical complications could result in incurable, fatal sepsis." 14. One Health
Antibiotic resistance occurs when bacteria develop mechanisms to evade the effects of antibiotics. This can happen through genetic mutations or the acquisition of resistance genes from other bacteria. When bacteria become resistant to antibiotics, infections become more difficult to treat, leading to increased morbidity and mortality.
The pharmaceutical pipeline for new antibiotics has slowed, leaving doctors with fewer options to treat resistant bacteria. 4. Addressing the Threat: Solutions and Future Outlook
The overuse and misuse of antibiotics are primary contributors to the development of antibiotic resistance. The widespread prescription of antibiotics for viral infections, such as the common cold, and the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics, have accelerated the emergence of resistant bacteria. Additionally, the lack of new antibiotics being developed and the inadequate infection control practices in healthcare settings have exacerbated the problem. Pro Tip for IELTS Reading When answering questions
One of the biggest hurdles in the IELTS Reading section is adapting to academic topics you may not be familiar with. A prime example is the passage:
An acknowledgment of the medical pioneer who initially uncovered antibiotics.
Combating antibiotic resistance requires a multi-faceted approach, often discussed in the "solutions" section of reading passages.
If you would like to continue practicing, please let me know: such as the common cold
The main causes of antibiotic resistance are:
The consequences of antibiotic resistance are severe. Resistant infections are more difficult to treat, leading to increased illness and death. In addition, resistant infections can lead to longer hospital stays and more extensive treatment.
focuses on the widespread misuse and overuse of antibiotics. Paragraph B
(Paragraph text: "...creates a selective pressure environment.")
: Highly profitable (often used to describe chronic condition drugs vs. antibiotics). Stumbling Block : An obstacle or problem. Passage Summary
